Lithium Mining and Resistance: Extractivism, Environmental Justice, and Indigenous Struggles

Author: Alyssa Annonson

Field of Study: Social Sciences

Program Affiliation: Source Project Research Program, TRiO

Faculty Mentors: Matthew Cole

Easel: 20

Timeslot: Midday

Abstract: The Lithium Triangle, encompassing parts of Argentina, Bolivia, and Chile, holds more than half the world’s lithium reserves, making it a focal point for global green energy transitions. However, lithium extraction in this region has sparked significant environmental, social, and political tensions. This paper examines the socio-ecological impacts of lithium mining, including water depletion, ecosystem disruption, and the effects on Indigenous communities. Additionally, it explores local resistance movements against extractivism such as the Rio Blanco movement involving demands for community participation in decision-making. By analyzing case studies of Indigenous resistance and policy frameworks, this research highlights the tensions between economic development, environmental sustainability, and Indigenous sovereignty. The findings suggest that while lithium mining is crucial for renewable energy transitions, a just and sustainable approach must include local indigenous involvement and stronger regulatory frameworks to mitigate socio-ecological conflicts in the Lithium Triangle.