Populism and Conspiracy: How Political Leaders Use Conspiratorial Narratives to Mobilize Support

Author: Lucas Gleason

Field of Study: Integrative Neuroscience

Program Affiliation: Source Project Research Program

Faculty Mentors: Matthew Cole

Easel: 60

Timeslot: Morning

Abstract: In recent years, conspiracy theories have gone from a background issue to central to political discourse, especially populist movements that describe politics as a struggle between “the people” and corrupt elites. This paper examines how populists deliberately used conspiracies to achieve political legitimacy. Through analysis of case studies, this paper inspects the rhetoric of Donald Trump, particularly surrounding the 2020 U.S. presidential election. This is alongside other examples of populist leaders who "fear” hidden elites and external threats. By examining political speeches, public statements, and media coverage, this paper finds patterns in how conspiracy narratives are made and communicated. Findings show that these narratives consistently describe political opposition as coordinated actors. This improves group solidarity while delegitimizing criticism, meaning conspiracy theories are not fringe beliefs but a core part of modern populist strategy with important implications for political trust and democratic institutions.